Symptoms due to cysts in other parts of the body such as the brain, liver, intestine.Symptoms of chronic kidney disease due to progressive loss of kidney function.Recurrent urinary tract infections and kidney stones.Feeling a large mass (lump) in abdomen.Pain in the back, flank pain on one or both sides and/or a swollen abdomen.Most patients with PKD develop symptoms after the age of 30 to 40 years. Many people with autosomal dominant PKD live for several decades without developing symptoms. In a long period (after years) chronic kidney failure worsens and leads to severe kidney failure (endstage kidney disease), ultimately requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Such damage leads to hypertension, loss of protein in urine and reduction in kidney function, causing chronic kidney failure. With time cysts increase in size and slowly compress and damage healthy kidney tissue. Sizes of cysts in PKD are variable (diameter ranging from a pinhead to as large 10 cm. In autosomal dominant PKD multiple clusters of cysts (fluid-filled sacs) are seen in both kidneys. About 5% of all chronic kidney disease patients requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation have PKD. The incidence of autosomal dominant PKD is the same in all races, occurs equally in males and females and affects about 1 in 1,000 people worldwide. In PKD, other organs in which cysts can be seen are the liver, brain, intestines, pancreas, ovaries and spleen. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the fourth leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic or inherited disease of the kidney, characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.

Sanjay pandya fluid therapy pdf